What are the final orbital type and electron count for common element groups?

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It looks like the question was cut off at the end (it stops after "transition metals of the Iron (Fe"). I’ll answer for the commonly requested groups — halogens, noble gases, alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, and the iron-group transition metals — giving the typical valence (final) orbital type and the number of electrons in that final orbital for their ground-state neutral atoms.

Notes:

  • "Final orbital type" means the highest-energy (outermost) orbital that is being filled in the neutral atom (principal shell and subshell: s, p, or d).
  • Electron counts are for that subshell in a neutral atom (e.g., p5 means five electrons in the outermost p subshell).
  • Transition metals have valence d electrons that come from the (n−1)d and ns orbitals; I state the standard (n−1)d occupancy for the series.

Answers

  • Halogens (Group 17): outermost orbital type = p; typical electron count = p5 (configuration ends in ns2 np5).

  • Noble gases (Group 18): outermost orbital type = p for the heavier noble gases (He is 1s2); typical electron count = p6 for Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (configuration ends in ns2 np6). For helium: outermost = s, electron count = s2 (1s2).

  • Alkaline earth metals (Group 2): outermost orbital type = s; typical electron count = s2 (configuration ends in ns2).

  • Alkali metals (Group 1): outermost orbital type = s; typical electron count = s1 (configuration ends in ns1).

  • Iron-group transition metals (first-row transition metals around Fe: Sc through Zn; Fe itself): outermost orbital type = d (the (n−1)d subshell) with varying electron counts. For Fe specifically: configuration ends in 3d6 4s2, so the (n−1)d occupancy = d6. More generally in that series the d occupancy runs from d1 (Sc) through d10 (Zn).

If you meant a different set or wanted ion states (e.g., common oxidation states) instead of neutral atoms, or the unfinished group in your original question, tell me which ions or which specific elements and I’ll give those electron counts.

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