The executive authorities in South African, which include state departments, are often themselves investigated by these institutions?

In South Africa, executive authorities, including state departments, can be investigated by several key institutions. Notably, the Office of the Public Protector plays a vital role in investigating maladministration, abuse of power, and other misconduct by public officials. Additionally, the Auditor-General conducts audits of state departments to ensure accountability and transparency in the use of public funds. The Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (Hawks) can also investigate corruption and related crimes within the executive. Furthermore, parliamentary oversight committees sometimes conduct their inquiries into the functioning and conduct of state departments and their officials. The judiciary can also be involved when legal matters arise from the actions of executive authorities. Overall, these institutions work to promote accountability within the public sector in South Africa.