Type of research

Research can be categorized into several types based on various criteria, including methodology, purpose, and the nature of the data collected. Here are some of the main types of research: ### 1. **Based on Purpose:** - **Basic (Fundamental) Research:** Aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of fundamental principles or theories without immediate practical applications. - **Applied Research:** Focuses on solving specific, practical problems using existing knowledge. ### 2. **Based on Methodology:** - **Qualitative Research:** Involves non-numerical data and focuses on understanding concepts, experiences, or social phenomena (e.g., interviews, focus groups, observations). - **Quantitative Research:** Involves numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and examine relationships (e.g., surveys, experiments, longitudinal studies). ### 3. **Based on Data Collection:** - **Primary Research:** Involves the collection of original data directly from subjects or experiments (e.g., surveys, experiments, interviews). - **Secondary Research:** Involves analyzing existing data that has already been collected and published (e.g., literature reviews, meta-analyses). ### 4. **Based on Research Design:** - **Descriptive Research:** Provides a detailed account of a phenomenon, typically without manipulation of variables (e.g., case studies, observational studies). - **Experimental Research:** Involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on other variables, often conducted in controlled environments. - **Correlational Research:** Examines the relationships between variables without manipulating them to assess how they are associated. ### 5. **Based on Time Frame:** - **Cross-Sectional Research:** Observations or data collection happens at a single point in time. - **Longitudinal Research:** Involves repeated observations or data collection over an extended period. ### 6. **Based on Field of Study:** - **Natural Sciences Research:** Focuses on biological, physical, and earth sciences. - **Social Sciences Research:** Examines human behavior and societal trends (e.g., psychology, sociology, economics). - **Humanities Research:** Encompasses qualitative analyses in fields like literature, philosophy, and cultural studies. ### 7. **Interdisciplinary Research:** - Combines methods and theories from different disciplines to address complex problems (e.g., environmental studies, health sciences). ### 8. **Action Research:** - A reflective process of problem-solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a community to improve the way they address issues. Each type of research has its own strengths and weaknesses and can be chosen based on the specific goals and context of the study.