Phases of metosis kya hai

Mitosis, ek prakriya hai jisse ek eukaryotic koshika apne aapko do samankhya koshikon mein vibhajit karti hai. Mitosis ke chaar pramukh avasthaayein hoti hain:

1. **Prophase (Prarambhik avastha)**:
   - Is avastha mein, koshika ka DNA khrigat (condense) ho jata hai aur chromosomes ban jate hain.
   - Har chromosome do sister chromatids mein vibhajit hota hai, jo centromere ke madhyam se jude hote hain.
   - Karyotype (nuclear envelope) dhundhla hona shuru hota hai aur spindles (kendra dhanu) ka nirmaan hota hai.

2. **Metaphase (Madhya avastha)**:
   - Is avastha mein, chromosomes ek line mein kendra ke kshetra mein pichhe khade hote hain, jise metaphase plate kehte hain.
   - Spindle fibers, jo centrosomes se nikalte hain, chromosomes ke centromeres se jure hote hain.

3. **Anaphase (Antavavasta)**:
   - Is avastha mein, sister chromatids ek dusre se alag hote hain aur opposite poles ki taraf kheechte hain.
   - Har sister chromatid ab ek alag chromosome ban jata hai.

4. **Telophase (Antim avastha)**:
   - Is avastha mein, chromosomes poles tak pahunchaate hain aur dhire-dhire phir se khulne lagte hain, nuclear envelope daura se ban jata hai.
   - Cytokinesis ka prakriya shuru hota hai, jisme koshika ke cytoplasm do alag koshikon mein vibhajit hota hai.

Yeh char avasthaayein milkar mitosis ki prakriya ko pura karti hain, jo ek koshika ko do samankhya koshikon mein vibhajit karne me madad karti hai.

Update (2026-01-31):
Mitosis ka prakriya chaar mukhya phases mein vibhajit hoti hai. Yahan par in phases ka varnan kiya gaya hai:

1. **Prophase (प्रोफेज)**: 
   - Is charan mein, chromatin (DNA aur protein ka milan) coiled hoke distinct chromosomes bana leta hai. Har chromosome do sister chromatids se bana hota hai jo centromere se jude hote hain.
   - Nuclear envelope (nuclear parchhi) tootne lagta hai aur mitotic spindle bana shuru hota hai.

2. **Metaphase (मेटाफेज)**:
   - Is samay, chromosomes cell ke central plane (metaphase plate) par arrange hote hain.
   - Spindle fibers chromosomes ke centromeres se judte hain taaki unhe sahi tarike se partition kiya ja sake.

3. **Anaphase (एनाफेज)**:
   - Is phase mein, sister chromatids ek dusre se alag hote hain aur opposite poles ki taraf khinchte hain. Spindle fibers in chromatids ko kheenchte hain.

4. **Telophase (टेलोफेज)**:
   - Is charan mein, chromatids ab separate chromosomes ban jaate hain aur naya nuclear envelope punah bane jata hai. 
   - Chromosomes dheere dheere chromatin mein prabhavshali roop se sudharne lagte hain.

**Cytokinesis (साइटोकाइन्सिस)**: 
Ye ek auxiliary process hai jo mitosis ke baad hota hai, jisme cell ke cytoplasm do naye daughter cells mein vibhajit hota hai.

Ye chaar mukhya phases milkar mitosis ka prakriya complete karte hain, jo ek somatic (body) cell ko do genetically identical daughter cells mein badalta hai.