Who killed the 12 apostles, what religious views and what athniciti did the perpetrators have?

The deaths of the twelve apostles of Jesus, as recorded in Christian tradition and historical accounts, vary widely in detail, and some accounts are more legendary than historically verified. Many apostles are believed to have been martyred for their faith, but the specifics about their deaths, including who was responsible, are often not documented in historical texts.

Here's a brief overview of some of the apostles and their traditionally attributed deaths, though it's important to note that these accounts are not uniformly agreed upon, and many details are based on later traditions rather than contemporary evidence:

**Peter**: Traditionally believed to have been crucified upside down in Rome.
**James (son of Zebedee)**: Reportedly beheaded by King Herod Agrippa I in Jerusalem.
**John**: Tradition holds that he died of natural causes, although some claim he was martyred.
**Andrew**: Traditionally said to have been crucified on an X-shaped cross.
**Philip**: Said to have been crucified or killed by other means in Hierapolis.
**Bartholomew (Nathanael)**: Believed to have been martyred, possibly flayed alive.
**Matthew**: Reports vary, but some traditions say he was martyred by being stabbed.
**Thomas**: Traditionally believed to have been killed by a spear in India.
**Jude (Thaddeus)**: According to some traditions, martyred by arrows or another violent death.
**Simon the Zealot**: Believed to have been martyred, though accounts differ.
**James (son of Alphaeus)**: Details are sparse; some say he was martyred.
**Matthias**: Believed to have been stoned and then beheaded.

The religious views of the perpetrators would likely have been aligned with the prevailing authorities or factions opposed to early Christianity. This included Roman authorities, Jewish leaders, and other local powers who saw the apostles' spreading of Christianity as a threat to their political or religious systems.

As for ethnicities, many of the apostles were Jewish, as Jesus and his immediate followers were from a Jewish background in 1st-century Judea. The perpetrators could have included Roman officials (who were predominantly Roman or Greek) and Jewish authorities of the time, thus reflecting the diverse ethnic landscape of the region.

It's important to approach the study of the apostles and their martyrdom with a critical lens, as many traditional accounts come from later sources that may reflect theological motivations rather than strict historical accuracy.