In the past, heritage management was largely influenced by archaeological and governmental viewpoints. Numerous African heritage sites were overseen using expert-led methods that paid little attention to the perspectives of local communities (Ndoro & Pwit

Historically, heritage management has been predominantly shaped by archaeological and governmental perspectives. Many African heritage sites were managed through approaches driven by experts, often neglecting the input of local communities (Ndoro & Pwiti 2001). As a result, the viewpoints of these communities, which have deep cultural ties to the heritage resources, were frequently overlooked.