Provide the appropriate answers for the following and a summary of justification for the answer choose. Q1. What is a unilateral contract? a) A contract in which both parties are legally bound to perform their side of the agreement. b) A unilateral c

Here are the answers to each question along with a summary of the justification for each choice: **Q1. What is a unilateral contract?** **Answer:** b) A unilateral contract is a contract whereby only one party promises to perform an act if the other party performs a stipulated act, but the other party is not under an obligation to perform the stipulated act. **Justification:** A unilateral contract involves one party making a promise contingent upon the performance of a specific act by another party, who is not obligated to take that action. --- **Q2. What are the requirements for a valid and binding contract?** **Answer:** a) Offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations. **Justification:** The essential elements for a legally enforceable contract include an offer, acceptance of that offer, consideration (something of value exchanged), and the intention of both parties to enter into a binding agreement. --- **Q3. Which one of the following usually amounts to an offer?** **Answer:** a) Goods sold through a machine. **Justification:** Goods sold through machines are typically considered offers to sell. In contrast, advertisements and displays of goods are usually seen as invitations to treat rather than definitive offers. --- **Q4. An offer can be terminated in a number of ways. Which one of the following is NOT an effective way to terminate an offer?** **Answer:** c) Revoking the offer following acceptance. **Justification:** Once an offer has been accepted, it cannot be revoked; therefore, revoking an offer after acceptance is not an effective method of terminating an offer. --- **Q5. Which one of the following statements regarding acceptance is true?** **Answer:** a) Silence does not constitute valid acceptance. **Justification:** Generally, silence cannot be interpreted as acceptance. For acceptance to be valid, there needs to be clear communication by the offeree of their agreement to the terms of the offer. --- **Q6. What is the principal effect of a counter-offer?** **Answer:** a) A counter-offer destroys the original offer and replaces it with a new offer. **Justification:** A counter-offer constitutes a rejection of the original offer and introduces new terms, thereby negating the original offer. --- **Q7. What does the postal rule state?** **Answer:** a) That acceptance occurs as soon as the letter is posted. **Justification:** The postal rule establishes that acceptance is effective when the acceptance communication is posted, regardless of when it is received by the offeror. --- **Q8. What is the parol evidence rule?** **Answer:** b) The parol evidence rule presumes that a written document contains all the terms of a contract, but there are situations where this presumption can be rebutted and a party will be permitted to induce evidence that adds to, varies or contradicts the content of a written document. **Justification:** The parol evidence rule restricts the introduction of extrinsic evidence to alter the terms of a written contract unless certain exceptions apply. --- **Q9. There are various sources of implied terms. Regarding the implication of terms, which one of the following statements is untrue?** **Answer:** d) Terms may be implied into a contract if the parties have dealt with each other once before. **Justification:** Generally, mere prior dealings do not automatically imply terms; the implication of terms usually relies on custom, statute, or judicial interpretation based on the parties' conduct and context. --- **Q10. An agreement by or with a party not competent to contract is?** **Answer:** e) Void **Justification:** Agreements with parties deemed legally incompetent (like minors or incapacitated individuals) are considered void and unenforceable. --- **Q11. When the proposal or acceptance is made otherwise than words, the promise is said to be?** **Answer:** b) Implied **Justification:** When agreements or acceptances are made non-verbally (through actions or conduct), they are characterized as implied contracts. --- **Q12. Contracts by which the minor acquires an interest in some subject matter of a permanent nature, which gives rise to continuous or recurrent obligations are called?** **Answer:** d) Voidable contracts **Justification:** Contracts involving minors are generally voidable at the minor's discretion, meaning they can choose to affirm or void them. --- **Q13. In which type of agreement is the intention to create legal relations presumed to exist?** **Answer:** b) Commercial or business agreements. **Justification:** In commercial contexts, there is a presumption that parties intend to create legal relations, whereas this assumption does not generally apply to social or familial interactions. --- **Q14. If a party is able to prove that he or she was coerced into a contract due to a threat of violence, the contract would be.** **Answer:** a) Voidable **Justification:** A contract entered into under duress due to threats is typically voidable, allowing the coerced party to nullify the agreement. --- **Q15. In contract law, a wrongful pressure exerted upon a person in order to coerce that person into a contract that he or she ordinarily would not enter is known as.** **Answer:** b) Duress **Justification:** Duress refers to coercive pressure, often involving threats or intimidation, compelling a party to enter a contract against their will. Update (2025-11-20): Here are the answers for each question along with a brief justification for each choice: ### Q1. Answer: **b)** A unilateral contract is a contract whereby only one party promises to perform an act if the other party performs a stipulated act, but the other party is not under an obligation to perform the stipulated act. **Justification:** A unilateral contract involves a promise from one party in exchange for an act by another, with no obligation on the latter to undertake that act. ### Q2. Answer: **a)** Offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations. **Justification:** These four elements are necessary for a valid and binding contract. Without any one of them, a contract would be unenforceable. ### Q3. Answer: **a)** Goods sold through a machine. **Justification:** The operation of selling goods through a machine constitutes an offer as the machine's function provides a clear and definite proposition to the buyer. ### Q4. Answer: **c)** Revoking the offer following acceptance. **Justification:** Once an offer is accepted, it cannot be revoked, as a binding agreement has already been formed. ### Q5. Answer: **a)** Silence does not constitute valid acceptance. **Justification:** Generally, mere silence by the offeree does not indicate acceptance unless there is a pre-existing relationship that obliges them to respond. ### Q6. Answer: **a)** A counter-offer destroys the original offer and replaces it with a new offer. **Justification:** When a counter-offer is made, it voids the original offer, and the new terms must be accepted for a contract to be formed. ### Q7. Answer: **a)** That acceptance occurs as soon as the letter is posted. **Justification:** The postal rule states that acceptance is effective when the letter is posted, regardless of whether it is received by the offeror. ### Q8. Answer: **b)** The parol evidence rule presumes that a written document contains all the terms of a contract, but there are situations where this presumption can be rebutted and a party will be permitted to induce evidence that adds to, varies or contradicts the content of a written document. **Justification:** The parol evidence rule maintains that written contracts are complete, but allows for some exceptions where additional evidence can be considered. ### Q9. Answer: **d)** Terms may be implied into a contract if the parties have dealt with each other once before. **Justification:** While previous dealings can inform the context, it is not sufficient on its own to imply terms into a contract without consistent interaction. ### Q10. Answer: **e)** Void **Justification:** Contracts involving parties not competent to contract, such as minors, are generally considered void or voidable, but in this context, they are void to protect the party lacking capacity. ### Q11. Answer: **b)** Implied **Justification:** A promise made non-verbally is considered "implied" as opposed to "expressed," which requires explicit verbal or written communication. ### Q12. Answer: **d)** Voidable contracts **Justification:** Contracts that allow minors to acquire permanent interests typically fall into the category of voidable contracts, where the minor can choose to affirm or reject the agreement. ### Q13. Answer: **b)** Commercial or business agreements. **Justification:** In commercial contexts, legal relations are presumed to exist to maintain the integrity and enforceability of business transactions. ### Q14. Answer: **a)** Voidable **Justification:** Contracts entered into under coercion, such as threats of violence, can be declared voidable, allowing the coerced party an option to rescind. ### Q15. Answer: **b)** Duress **Justification:** Duress refers to wrongful or unlawful pressure applied to compel someone to enter a contract they would not otherwise agree to. These answers reflect established principles of contract law, ensuring clarity on various aspects of contract formation and enforcement.