means that the design of security measures embodied in both hardware and software should be as simple and small as possible. Fail-safe defaults Open design Complete mediation Economy of mechanism

The phrase you provided corresponds to the security principle known as **Economy of Mechanism**. This principle advocates for the design of security measures (both in hardware and software) to be as simple and small as possible. The idea is that simpler mechanisms are easier to understand, easier to test for vulnerabilities, and therefore easier to make secure. Here's a brief explanation of the other principles you mentioned: 1. **Fail-safe defaults**: This principle suggests that the default configuration of a system should be restricted and deny access unless explicitly granted. It minimizes the chances of unintentional access or exposure. 2. **Open design**: This principle states that security should not rely on the ignorance of potential attackers but rather on the possession of specific keys or passwords. The design should be open to scrutiny and evaluation. 3. **Complete mediation**: This principle emphasizes that every access to a resource must be checked for authorization. It ensures that every request for access is validated against access control measures. In summary, "Economy of mechanism" is focused on simplicity and minimalism in design to enhance security.