Hiarachy of courts in Ghana, Jurisdiction of some courts.

In Ghana, the judiciary operates a hierarchical system of courts, which are organized at several levels. Below is the hierarchy of courts along with a brief description of the jurisdiction of some of the key courts: ### Hierarchy of Courts in Ghana: 1. **Supreme Court** - **Highest Court in the Land:** The Supreme Court is the apex court in Ghana, and its decisions are binding on all other courts. - **Jurisdiction:** The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in matters involving the interpretation of the Constitution, and it also has appellate jurisdiction to hear appeals from the Court of Appeal and, in some cases, directly from the High Court. 2. **Court of Appeal** - **Jurisdiction:** The Court of Appeal hears appeals from the High Court and, in certain instances, from specialized courts or tribunals. It deals with both civil and criminal matters and has the authority to review and overturn decisions made by lower courts. 3. **High Court** - **Jurisdiction:** The High Court has original jurisdiction in serious civil and criminal cases and hears appeals from lower courts (like the District Courts and Probate Courts). It also has jurisdiction over matters related to human rights and constitutional issues. 4. **Circuit Courts** - **Jurisdiction:** Circuit Courts have limited criminal jurisdiction, dealing primarily with felonies and misdemeanors. They can also hear civil cases with specified monetary limits. Appeals from Circuit Courts can be directed to the High Court. 5. **District Courts** - **Jurisdiction:** These are the lowest level of courts in the hierarchy and handle minor civil and criminal matters, including small claims and offenses that carry light penalties. Appeals from District Courts can also go to the Circuit Courts. 6. **Specialized Courts** - This includes various tribunals and specialized courts, such as the Fast Track High Court, which deals with commercial and land disputes, and other courts that specifically focus on issues like child rights, labor, and elections. ### Summary of Jurisdiction: - **Supreme Court:** Constitutional and appellate jurisdiction. - **Court of Appeal:** Appellate jurisdiction from the High Court and certain cases from specialized courts. - **High Court:** Original jurisdiction for serious civil and criminal matters; appellate jurisdiction from Circuit and District Courts. - **Circuit Courts:** Limited criminal and civil jurisdiction; appeals to the High Court. - **District Courts:** Minor civil and criminal matters; appeals to Circuit Courts. This system ensures a structured approach to justice, allowing for appeals and a clear path for cases to advance through the courts as necessary.