Centralized authentication systems should provide the following services: **Authentication, Authorization and Accountability** - **Authentication**: Verifying the identity of a user or system. - **Authorization**: Determining the permissions and access levels granted to the authenticated user or system. - **Accountability**: Ensuring that actions taken by users can be traced back to them, often through logging and auditing. While "Access

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The most accurate description of attenuation from the given options is: **The loss in signal strength as it travels.** Attenuation specifically refers to the reduction in strength of a signal as it propagates through a medium, whether that is a physical medium like a cable or air, or over distances.

The primary goal of computer forensics is to **obtain evidence of malicious activity**. This involves collecting, analyzing, and preserving digital evidence in a way that it can be used in legal proceedings or internal investigations. While reporting to management, mitigating damages, and creating records are important aspects of the overall response to incidents, the core objective of forensics centers around gathering and preserving evidence.

Angela is most likely attempting to stop the threat of **sniffing**. By using **TLS (Transport Layer Security)** for securing transactions, she is employing **encryption** to protect the data as it travels over the network. So the correct answer is: **Sniffing, encryption**.

The technique that MOST clearly indicates whether specific risk reduction controls should be implemented is **Countermeasure cost/benefit analysis**. This technique evaluates the costs associated with implementing specific risk reduction measures against the expected benefits or risk reductions they provide. By analyzing the financial implications and effectiveness of various controls, organizations can make informed decisions about which

A signed user acknowledgment of the corporate security policy primarily serves the following purposes: a. **Ensures that users have read the policy**: By signing the acknowledgment, users confirm that they have received and read the policy document. b. **Ensures that users understand the policy, as well as the consequences for not following the policy**: Acknowledgment often includes some form of training or education, ensuring that users are

A signed user acknowledgment of the corporate security policy is an important element of an organization's risk management strategy and serves several key purposes: 1. **Ensures that users have read the policy**: By requiring a signature, the organization confirms that users acknowledge having accessed and read the corporate security policy. This promotes awareness of the organization's security protocols. 2. **Ensures that users understand the

The backup processing alternative that describes a computing facility with telecommunications equipment, some systems, but minimal data is a **Warm site**. A warm site has essential hardware and connectivity ready to go, but it may not have all the current data needed for immediate operations, which distinguishes it from a hot site (that is fully equipped and data is current) and a cold site (which lacks infrastructure and requires more setup).

The assessment that evaluates a system's security and ability to meet compliance requirements based on its configuration state and information collected from the system is a **Vulnerability assessment**. A vulnerability assessment focuses on identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing vulnerabilities in a system, providing a basis for remediation efforts and compliance verification.

The correct answer is **Separation of duties**. Separation of duties is a security principle that ensures that no single individual has complete control over all aspects of any critical process. This helps to prevent fraud and error by dividing responsibilities among different individuals. It reduces the risk of corruption and theft by ensuring that a single person's actions cannot lead to a trusted action being completed without oversight or

The backup method that requires the most number of data versions to conduct restoration is **Incremental** backup. Here's how they compare: - **Full Backup**: A complete backup of all selected data. Restoration is straightforward since you only need the latest full backup. - **Incremental Backup**: This method backs up only the data that has changed since the last backup of any type (full or incremental). To restore data, you need the last

Most cryptographic algorithms operate in either block mode or **stream mode**. Block mode algorithms process data in fixed-size blocks, while stream mode algorithms process data as a continuous stream of bits or bytes.

The common technique to minimize fraud and abuse when one person stays in a single position for too long without oversight is **Job Rotation**. Job rotation involves regularly moving employees between different jobs or positions within an organization, which helps to reduce the risk of fraud and abuse by ensuring that no one person has too much control over a particular area for an extended period. This technique also promotes cross-training and

The correct answer is **Access Control**. Access Control is a conceptual component that determines whether a subject (such as a user or a process) can access an object (such as a file, system, or resource). It establishes policies and mechanisms for determining who can access what and under what conditions. While the other options are related to security concepts, Access Control specifically focuses on the permissions and rules governing

If Alice wishes to send Bob an encrypted message using an asymmetric cryptosystem, she would use **Bob’s public key** to encrypt the message. In an asymmetric system, the sender uses the recipient's public key to encrypt the message, and only the recipient can decrypt it using their private key. Thus, the correct answer is: **Bob’s public key**

**Due care** is a legal concept pertaining to the duty owed by a provider to a customer.

The term that refers to an organization's methods of exercising authority or control as well as its system of management is **Governance**.