c. Determining the level of protection required Asset classification helps organizations identify and categorize assets based on their importance and sensitivity, which in turn aids in determining the appropriate level of protection and security measures needed for those assets.

The term that best defines unauthorized access to systems or data is **a. Exposure**. However, in a more specific context, unauthorized access can also be described using terms related to security breaches, but from the given options, "exposure" is the closest fit. - **Authentication** refers to verifying the identity of a user or system. - **Access Control** pertains to the policies that restrict who can access certain resources. - **Session

The correct answer is: **b. Maintaining operations despite disruptions**.

The correct answer is **b. Logic Bomb**. A logic bomb is a piece of malicious code that is triggered by specific conditions or events, such as a particular date or the occurrence of a certain action.

In the context of availability, 'Timeliness' refers to: **c. Ensuring data is available promptly with low latency**. This means that the data or services must be accessible when needed, with minimal delay.

The best definition of 'Threat Modeling' is: **c. Identifying, assessing, and addressing potential security threats**.

The component that ensures timely access to information is: c. Availability Availability ensures that information and resources are accessible to authorized users when needed.

b. CISO The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is typically responsible for promoting a climate of security awareness across the organization. They are tasked with establishing security policies, procedures, and training programs to ensure that all employees understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it.

The correct answer is: **b. A condition that leaves a system open to harm**. In the context of cybersecurity, "vulnerability" refers to a weakness in a system, network, or application that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or cause harm.

The main focus of security governance is **b. Aligning security with business objectives**. Security governance involves establishing a framework to ensure that security strategies are aligned with business goals and that they effectively manage risk, comply with regulations, and protect the organization's assets.

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The correct answer is: **a. Physical controls**. Physical controls are designed to limit physical access to systems and facilities, such as security guards, locks, and access control systems.

d. To visualize how threats can exploit vulnerabilities and plan mitigations A threat tree is a structured approach used to identify and understand the various ways in which potential threats can exploit vulnerabilities in a system, and it helps in planning appropriate mitigations to address those threats.

A control gap refers to a deficiency or absence in the controls in place to manage risk effectively. Among the options provided, the best answer is: **b. The difference between total risk and mitigated risk.** This choice reflects the idea that a control gap represents the portion of risk that remains unaddressed after mitigation efforts have been applied.

The correct answer is: **d. It integrates with federal information systems and continuous monitoring.** The NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF) is designed to provide a structured and comprehensive approach to managing risk for federal information systems, incorporating continuous monitoring and aligning with other federal policies and frameworks.

d. To assess what risk remains after controls are applied Measuring residual risk is essential for understanding the level of risk that persists after implementing risk management controls. This information is crucial for making informed decisions about further risk treatment, resource allocation, and organizational priorities.

The key objective of homomorphic encryption is **c. To allow computations on encrypted data without decrypting it**. This technique enables operations to be performed on ciphertexts, generating an encrypted result that, when decrypted, matches the result of operations performed on the plaintext.

The correct answer is: **d. Physical controls**. Physical controls are measures that restrict physical access to facilities, systems, and resources, ensuring that only authorized individuals can enter certain areas or access specific equipment.