Historically, education in history has long been utilized worldwide to forge and reinforce national identities by cultivating shared narratives, collective memories, and civic values. Scholars highlight that history curricula often seek to create a unified national sentiment, a phenomenon referred to by Lauritzen and Nodeland (2017) as "national cleansing," which is rooted in patriotic symbols and heroic stories (Frontiers, 2024; Poulsen, 2013;


