Education in history has historically served as a powerful tool worldwide for shaping and strengthening national identities through shared narratives, collective memories, and civic values. Scholars note that history curricula often aim to foster a sense of national unity, a concept identified by Lauritzen and Nodeland (2017) as "national cleansing," characterized by the use of patriotic symbols and heroic tales (Frontiers, 2024; Poulsen, 2013;


