A constant stream of cash flows without end is known as **D. perpetuity**.
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The expression \( \frac{1}{1+i} \) is called the **discount factor**.
So the correct answer is:
B. discount factor
To find the cost of goods sold (COGS) when you know the gross profit margin and net sales, you can use the following formulas:
1. **Gross Profit Margin** = Gross Profit / Net Sales
2. **Gross Profit** = Net Sales - COGS
Given:
- Gross profit margin: 40% (or 0.40 as a decimal)
- Net sales: $1,000,000
First, calculate the gross profit:
\[
\text{Gross Profit} = \text{Gross Profit Margin} \times \text{Net Sales}
\]
\[
\text{Gross Profit} = 0.40
The component that is NOT part of the DuPont analysis is:
A. Current Ratio
The DuPont analysis focuses on three key components: Profit Margin, Asset Turnover, and Financial Leverage, to assess a company’s return on equity (ROE). The current ratio, however, is a measure of liquidity and is not included in this analysis.
The process whereby the value of an investment increases exponentially over time is called **C. Compounding**.
A. long-term debt
Long-term debt is not a component of working capital. Working capital typically includes current assets such as accounts receivable, cash, and inventory, minus current liabilities.
To determine the annual contribution required to the sinking fund to accumulate sufficient funds to repay the bond at maturity, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula.
The formula to calculate the future value (FV) of an ordinary annuity is:
\[
FV = C \times \frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r}
\]
where:
- \( FV \) = future value of the annuity (in this case, the face value of the bond, $10,000,000)
- \( C \) = annual contribution to
Return on Equity (ROE) can be calculated using the formula:
\[
ROE = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Average Shareholders' Equity}}
\]
Given that ROE is 18% (or 0.18) and the net income is $90,000, we can rearrange the formula to solve for average shareholders' equity:
\[
\text{Average Shareholders' Equity} = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{ROE}
\]
Now, substituting in the given values:
\[
\text{Average Shareholders' Equity} = \frac{90,000}{0.18} =
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The primary document used for selling shares is called a **share certificate** or **stock certificate**. This document represents ownership of a certain number of shares in a company and includes details such as the shareholder's name, the number of shares owned, and the company's name.
In addition to share certificates, when shares are sold, various other documents and agreements may be involved, such as:
1. **Stock Purchase Agreement**: This
The correct answer is A. debentures.
Debentures are a form of debt finance, not equity finance. They represent a loan made to a company which must be repaid, typically with interest. The other options—retained earnings, fresh issue of shares, and rights issues—are all forms of equity finance.
The correct answer is:
**B. Those between the managers, acting for shareholders, and the debtholders.**
This choice identifies another key agency problem, which occurs when there is a conflict of interest between the managers of the company, who are acting on behalf of shareholders, and the debtholders, who have a vested interest in the financial stability and risk management of the firm.
The correct answer is:
D. market capitalisation
Market capitalisation is calculated by multiplying the firm's market price per share by the number of shares outstanding.
The process of raising capital by selling shares of ownership in a company to investors is known as **B. equity financing**.
To calculate the monthly payment needed to pay off a loan, we can use the formula for the monthly payment of an amortizing loan:
\[
M = P \frac{r(1 + r)^n}{(1 + r)^n - 1}
\]
Where:
- \(M\) = monthly payment
- \(P\) = loan principal (amount borrowed)
- \(r\) = monthly interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12)
- \(n\) = total number of payments (loan term in months)
Given:
- \(P = 20,000\) GHS
- Annual interest rate = 6% => Monthly