What message logging standard is commonly used by network devices, Linux and Unix systems

The common message logging standard used by network devices, as well as Linux and Unix systems, is **Syslog**. Syslog provides a standard for message logging that includes the ability to store and forward log messages from various devices and applications. The Syslog protocol allows for centralized logging, making it easier to monitor and manage logs from multiple systems in a cohesive manner. Syslog messages typically include a timestamp, hostname, service name, and severity level, which helps users quickly identify issues and troubleshoot. There are also various implementations of Syslog, such as rsyslog and syslog-ng, which provide additional features and capabilities beyond the original specification.